RES NO 05-01-1988 5 -I -Iq 88
CITY OF VAN BUREN, ARKANSAS
RESOLUTION NO. /—r-1988
A RESOLUTION ADOPTING A WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM FOR THE
CITY OF VAN BUREN, ARKANSAS:
WHEREAS, The demand being placed on Fort Smith's water
supply system has been steadily approaching a
level which jeopardizes the reliability of the
existing supplies; and
WHEREAS, The City of Fort Smith desires to provide and
maintain a sufficient and manageable water
supply for human consumption, sanitation, and
fire protection and to insure the safety and
well being of the users of water provided by
the City of Fort Smith; and
WHEREAS, The benefits of a water demand management pro-
gram far outweigh the costs of not having enough
water to meet basic human needs; and
WHEREAS, The City of Van Buren concurs with these
objectives:
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY
OF VAN BUREN, ARKANSAS:
THAT, the policies and measures contained in the
Water Demand Management Program attached hereto
are hereby adopted.
PASSED AND APPROVED THIS 16TH DAY OF MAY 19 88
1° %r/
ATTESTED:
CITY CLERK- TREASURER
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FORT: SMITH AREA WATER..
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1
0 WATER DEMAND
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Prepared For:
City of Fort Smith
City of Van Buren
City of Winslow
Town of Chester
City of Mountainburg
Highway 71 Water Users Assn.
64 -71 Water Company
Cedarville Water Users Assn.
City of Barling
City of Lavaca
Fort Chaffee
South Sebastian Water Users Assn.
City of Mansfield
City of Huntington
City of Hartford
City of Hackett
Rural Water Corporation
Town of Arkoma
Rural Water District #2 of LeFlore County
May, 1988
.113
0
C
WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
A goal of any water utility is to provide a cost effective, adequate
and reliable supply of high quality water. Water consumption in Fort Smith
and the surrounding areas has been steadily approaching a level which
jeopardizes the reliability of the existing collecting and impounding
lakes. While the area awaits the development of a new source of supply, a
comprehensive water demand management program should be adopted to guide
the area's water utilities in meeting basic human needs for water.
Although the area's past efforts at water demand management have been
somewhat successful, a longer range program is needed. Voluntary
conservation was successful in 1981 and 1982 following a severe drought in
1980. Consumption actually declined during each of those two years but has
since risen to an average of 21,697,000 gallons per day in 1987. The
average daily yield of the existing supplies is 21,000,000 gallons.
AVERAGE DAILY WATER DEMAND
24.0
23.0 23.216,000
ESTIMATED
22.0
AVERAGE DAILY CAPACITY 21.697,000
21.0 20.889,000
m 20.560,000 n
o f 20.0
8,000
20,376.000
a
19 0
18.0 17.841.000 18.314.000
O 7 0 17,572,000
16.0
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
_1_
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Based on an evaluation of long term and emergency conservation
measures appropriate for Fort Smith and the municipalities and water
utilities who purchase water from Fort Smith, certain on -going programs and
a two phased mandatory approach to water demand management have been
developed. The goal of this phased program is to keep average daily water
consumption at or below the 21 million gallon per day net production
capacity of the existing supply system. Many of the measures are designed
to help reduce consumption particularly during the peak summer demand
months without dramatically affecting people's lifestyles. General
provisions of the plan include:
Mandatory conservation measures intended to eliminate the more
wasteful uses of water;
Fines for those who violate the mandatory conservation measures;
Amendments to the plumbing code to require low flow plumbing
fixtures and other water saving measures;
Providing low flow shower heads and toilet tank inserts at little
or no cost to the customer;
Monitoring all municipal facilities and water utility operations
to eliminate wasteful uses of water and encouraging other
governmental units to do the same;
Placing a high priority on the detection and repair of water
system leaks and losses;
Initiating a school education program;
Intensifying public awareness efforts; and
Contingency measures ending with a water tap moratorium and a
conservation oriented water rate structure if consumption
continues to increase.
The benefits of a water demand management program far outweigh any
direct costs and, more importantly, the costs of not having enough water to
meet basic human needs. Although it is difficult to quantify how much
water will be saved by implementing the measures of the initial phase and
-2-
the other on -going activities, best estimates are that at least 600,000
gallons per day will be conserved. The savings could be even greater if
the community enthusiastically responds to the program.
The Fort Smith area's approach to water resource management
necessitates a more comprehensive and effective program to wisely manage
limited water supplies. To this extent, the following measures shall be
implemented as indicated by Fort Smith and each municipality and water
utility who purchases water from Fort Smith.
ON -GOING MEASURES OR ACTIVITIES
Amend Plumbing Codes. The municipal water utilities shall amend their
plumbing codes to require low flush toilets (tanks and valves) and urinals,
0 low flow shower heads, and faucets with maximum flow limits. The
amendments shall apply to new construction and replacements. Those
utilities who do not have control over plumbing codes shall refuse to serve
structures or facilities who do not comply with the recommended codes. The
following performance criteria are recommended for adoption into the
plumbing code.
Toilets (with tanks or flush- valves) No more than 3.5 gallons
per flush
Urinals No more than 1.25 gallons
per flush
Shower Heads No more than 3.0 gallons
per minute
Faucets (except in public restrooms) No more than 3.5 gallons
per minute
Faucets in public restrooms Self closing or metered
O to allow no more than
1.0 gallons per use
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Promoting the Installation of Water Saving Devices. To encourage customers
to use less water in the bathroom, each utility should make low flow shower
heads and toilet tank displacement devices available to its customers.
Customers who left their standard flow shower heads with the utility would
receive the replacement low flow shower heads free of charge. Customers
who chose to keep their standard flow shower heads would be able to
purchase the low flow shower heads at a 50% discount. The toilet tank
displacement devices should be provided free of charge (except to apartment
complexes, hospitals, and hotels /motels). Apartment complexes, hospitals,
and hotels /motels may purchase the low flow shower heads and toilet tank
displacement devices at one -half the price paid by the utility. Each low
flow shower head is estimated to use 49 gallons per day less than a
conventional shower head. Each toilet tank displacement device is
estimated to save five gallons per day.
Restrict Golf Course Watering. All golf courses shall be directed to water
only greens and tee boxes from municipal sources. Fairway and rough
watering shall be specifically prohibited. The estimated daily water
savings from implementation of this measure is 40,000 gallons. As much as
70,000 gallons per day may be saved during the peak demand months.
Audit of Municipal Facilities. All municipal facilities and operations
shall be monitored on a continuous basis for plumbing leaks, irrigation
system inefficiencies, use of water saving devices, and wasteful water
practices. The non municipal utilities shall undertake the same measures
at their facilities. Municipal employees (or the employees of the rural
water utilities) should be made aware of the importance of conservation and
-4-
follow all formal conservation measures in the performance of their duties.
0 Other governmental agencies such as the state, counties, and school
districts should be encouraged to do the same.
Minimizing Unaccounted for Water. Each water utility should implement a
program to reduce its unaccounted for water to be within the American Water
Works Association's standard of 10 The program may include the regular
replacement of meters, giving a high priority to the identification and
repair of water line leaks, repairing storage facilities, replacing older
water lines with a history of leaks, limiting fire hydrant testing, and
auditing customer service records. Each utility should annually report its
unaccounted for water to the Arkansas Department of Health. Fort Smith's
efforts over the last four years have resulted in accounted for water being
reduced from 16.0°6 in 1983 to 5.7% in 1987.
Leak Adjustments on Utility Bills. A policy that encourages the quick
repair of plumbing system leaks should be adopted by each utility. To this
extent, utilities should give their customers billing adjustments only for
leaks that are underground or otherwise not immediately detectable. Leak
adjustments should be for no more than 50% of the lost water and should not
be given for more than a two month period within the last 12 months. The
utilities should require proof that the repair has been made before giving
a leak adjustment. Customers who refuse to repair leaks should have their
water service discontinued until the leaks are repaired.
School Program. Each utility should provide the school districts and
0 private schools within its service area with a water conservation education
t
-5-
program. The program should be such that a water conservation ethic will
be developed among children and teachers and that the children will make
their parents more aware of water conservation. The program should be
coordinated with the appropriate school district officials to ensure
successful implementation. Water utilities in other cities have estimated
that education programs save 4 gallons per person per day.
Industrial Conservation Program. Industries should be encouraged to use
the latest water saving technology and methods of water re -use. They
should also communicate the importance of water conservation to their
employees. Industries who significantly reduce their water consumption
should be publicly recognized.
Public Awareness. Water conservation necessitates changes by water users.
In order to effect significant and productive long -term change, people must
understand the reasons for change. They also need to understand how they
currently use their water and what to do to contribute to the water
t.
conservation effort. Communication of a strong general water conservation
message is thus essential. Educational information covering a wide array
of voluntary conservation alternatives and the mandatory conservation
measures implemented by each water utility is necessary. The following
recommendations should be employed on a continuous basis.
Market and distribute water conservation public service
announcements to television and radio stations;
Design a logo for a regional conservation effort;
Secure billboard advertisements;
Prepare additional conservation literature identifying major uses
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of water and how to reduce the amounts used for those purposes;
Develop a water conservation calendar;
Establish a plant tagging program to identify low water use
plants in cooperation with local nurseries;
Prepare a water conservation calendar for free distribution to
customers; and
Revise the municipal utility bill to show gallons instead of CCF.
The bill should also allow for conservation messages to be
printed on it.
MANDATORY CONSERVATION MEASURES
To help the area's water utilities meet the basic water needs of their
customers and to eliminate the more wasteful uses of water, two phases of
mandatory conservation measures shall be implemented.
Initial Conservation Phase
Each year, beginning May 15th and ending either October 15th or when
the combined capacity of Fort Smith's water supply lakes remains above 85%
capacity for 5 consecutive days, whichever occurs later, the following
measures shall be in effect:
No person shall irrigate or lawn water between the hours of 11:00
a.m. and 6:00 p.m. in order to minimize water loss due to
evaporation;
Lawn watering, the washing of motor vehicles, trailers,
airplanes, or boats by hosing or by use of water directly from
faucets (not applicable to commercial car washes), and the
filling of swimming pools or fountains may occur at locations
ending with even numbered addresses on even numbered days of the
month only and at locations ending with odd numbered addresses on
odd numbered days of the month only;
0 No person shall irrigate or lawn water to such an extent as to
-7-
allow water to escape from his premises upon public property,
such as alleys, streets, or sidewalks, nor upon any other
person's property;
Watering shrubs, plants, trees, and gardens is permitted only by
efficient sprinkling systems such as low volume drip, spray, or
bubbler emitters or by hand held hose. Such watering should be
limited to the minimum amounts necessary to sustain plant life;
Golf courses are permitted to water only greens and tee boxes
from municipal sources. Fairway and rough watering from
municipal sources is specifically prohibited. The watering of
greens and tee boxes shall be done only to the extent necessary
to preserve turf life;
The use of water from fire hydrants at any time for construction
purposes, fire drills, or routine hydrant testing is prohibited.
Only non potable water may be used for dirt compaction, earth
moving operations, or street base course construction;
Water service shall be provided to restaurant patrons only upon
request; and
The washing of sidewalks, walkways, driveways, patios, parking
lots, tennis courts, and other hard surfaced areas by hosing or
by use of water directly from faucets or other municipal sources
is prohibited. Food processing and food service establishments
may engage in this usage of water only to the extent necessary to
maintain and preserve the public health.
When the combined capacity of Fort Smith's water supply lakes or the
total amount of water in Fort Smith's water system storage reservoirs is
less than 50% of total storage capacity for 3 consecutive days, the
following conservation measures shall be in effect. These measures shall
remain in effect until the water supply lake levels remain above 609„ of
total storage capacity for 10 consecutive days and when the water system
storage reservoir levels remain above 50% of total storage capacity for 10
consecutive days.
No person she irrigate between the hours of 11:00 a.m. and 6:00
p.m. in order to minimize water loss due to evaporation;
All lawn watering from municipal sources is prohibited;
The watering of shrubs, plants, trees, and gardens is permitted
only by efficient sprinkling systems such as low volume drip,
spray, or bubbler emitters or by hand held hose and should be
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C
limited to the minimum amounts necessary to sustain plant life.
Such watering is permitted in accordance with the odd /even plan
established above but may not occur between the hours of 10:00
a.m. and 6:00 p.m.;
No person shall irrigate or water to such an extent as to allow
water to escape from his premises upon public property, such as
alleys, streets, or sidewalks, nor upon any other person's
property;
Golf courses are permitted to water only greens and tee boxes
from municipal sources. Fairway and rough watering from
municipal sources is specifically prohibited. The watering of
greens and tee boxes shall be done only to the extent necessary
to preserve turf life;
The washing of motor vehicles, trailers, airplanes, or boats by
hosing or by use of water directly from faucets is prohibited
(not applicable to commercial car washes). Filling swimming
pools or fountains is prohibited. EXCEPTION: If these measures
are effective only because of the lake levels, this measure shall
not apply to the filling of swimming pools;
The washing of sidewalks, walkways, driveways, patios, parking
lots, tennis courts, and other hard surfaced areas by hosing or
by use of water directly from faucets or other municipal sources
is prohibited. Food processors and food service establishments
may engage in this usage of water only to the extent necessary to
maintain and preserve the public health;
The use of water from fire hydrants at any time for construction
purposes, fire drills, or routine hydrant testing is prohibited.
Only non potable water may be used for dirt compaction, earth
moving operations, or street base course construction; and
Water service shall be provided to restaurant patrons only upon
request.
Advanced Conservation Phase
If average daily water consumption for a calendar year exceeds 22.5
million gallons, the following measures shall be implemented in addition to
the measures of the Initial Conservation Phase. The measures of the
Advanced Conservation Phase may be removed when average daily water
consumption for a calendar year is less than 22.5 million gallons.
100 All municipalities and water utilities receiving water from Fort
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Smith's collecting and impounding lakes shall institute a water
O tap moratorium. The only taps which would be made would be to
those who held valid building permits issued before the effective
date of the moratorium;
All water usage for landscape and turf irrigation shall be
prohibited; and
All water utilities shall adopt a water rate structure which
encourages conservation. Such rate modifications may include
elimination of the last rate block in a declining rate block
structure.
Enforcement
All water utilities receiving water from Fort Smith's collecting and
impounding lakes shall enforce the measures of these ,two mandatory
conservation phases. The measures may be modified to meet the operating
conditions of each utility. The modifications shall not, however, change
the intent or effect of the measure. For example, utilities whose
customers do not have street addresses may modify the outdoor watering
schedule by using mailing addresses or some geographic or other barrier
such as a creek or highway to determine which customers will water on which
days. Municipalities operating water utilities shall declare violations to
be a misdemeanor offense with accompanying fines. Non municipal water
utilities shall implement an equally effective method of enforcing the
measures such as temporarily terminating the service and charging a fee to
have the service re- established. The fee should be severe enough to
discourage violations of the conservation measures.
Any user of water who violates any of the measures of the Initial or
Advanced Conservation Phases shall be subject to the following fine
schedule if found guilty:
ISO First violation not less than $50.00 nor
more than $200.00
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Second violation not less than $250.00 nor
more than $500.00
Any subsequent violation not less than $500.00 nor
more than $1,000.00
Each infraction of any of the measures by a user of water shall constitute
a separate offense.
Non municipal water utilities shall implement a re- connect fee schedule
comparable to the fine schedule above.
MEASURES FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION
Should water supply conditions continue to deteriorate, the following
conservation measures should be given consideration.
O Promoting the Installation of Low Flush Toilets_ Each water utility should
offer a rebate to its customers if they purchase 1 -1/2 gallon flush
toilets. A 1 -1/2 gallon flush toilet costs $93 more than a 3 1/2 gallon
flush toilet. Offering a rebate would encourage customers and builders to
purchase the lower use toilet. The utility should verify installation
before paying a rebate. The rebate should be at least 500 of the cost
difference between a conventional toilet and a low -flush toilet. Each low
flush toilet is estimated to save 12 gallons per day.
Amend Zoning Ordinance to Limit Turf Areas. To further limit water usage
to essential purposes, the amount of landscaped areas that may be turf
should be limited. The use of low water requiring plantings should also be
specified. Such a requirement could be stated in the following form:
'40 Turf areas may not he more than o of the total landscaped areas
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and at least of all plantings must be from an approved list
of low water using plants.
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This measure should be coordinated with local landscapers and nursery
people.
Mandate a Retrofit Program. Commercial and industrial customers should be
required to retrofit all plumbing devices (toilets, urinals, sinks, and
showers) within three years. The retrofitted fixtures should conform to
the performance standards of the amended plumbing code.
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